Quality of evidence examined through the GRADE criteria for each estimate.
| Prognostic factor (studies (n)) | Limitations | Inconsistency | Indirectness | Imprecision | Publication bias | Pooled risk factor (95% CI) | Patients (n) | GRADE assessment |
| Child general anxiety (n=3) | Some limitations | Low heterogeneity (I2=0%) | No serious indirectness | No serious imprecision | Undetected | OR=0.004 (95% CI −0.02, 0.03) | 604 | Moderate |
| Child pain-related anxiety (n=4) | Some limitations | High heterogeneity (I2=2.85%) | No serious indirectness | No serious imprecision | Undetected | OR=−0.006 (95% CI −0.03, 0.02) | 664 | Moderate |
| Child pain intensity (n=4) | No serious limitations | Moderate significant heterogeneity (I2=58.62%) | No serious indirectness | No serious imprecision | Undetected | OR=0.540 (95% CI 0.184, 0.894) | 614 | Moderate |
| Parent pain catastrophizing (n=3) | No serious limitations | Statistical Significance of high heterogeneity (I2=77.28%) | No serious indirectness | Some imprecision | Undetected | OR=0.014 (95% CI −0.07, 0.01) | 399 | Moderate |
GRADE, Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation.