epinephrine.

Failure of Phenylephrine to Prolong Isobaric Bupivacaine Spinal Anesthesia in Elderly Patients
Jean-Paul Racle, Olivier Gantheret, Remigiusz Kusiewicz, Abdellatif Benkhadra, Alain Gaudray

Regional Anesthesia: The Journal of Neural Blockade in Obstetrics, Surgery, & Pain Control Jul 1992, 17 (4) 197-201; DOI: 10.1136/rapm-00115550-199217040-00003
Plasma Concentrations of Lidocaine and Its Principal Metabolites During Continuous Epidural Infusion of Lidocaine With or Without Epinephrine
Shin-ichi Kihara, Masayuki Miyabe, Yoshihiro Kakiuchi, Shinji Takahashi, Taeko Fukuda, Yukinao Kohda, Hidenori Toyooka

Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine Nov 1999, 24 (6) 529-533; DOI: 10.1136/rapm-00115550-199924060-00010

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