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Review
Role of peripheral nerve stimulation and percutaneous cryoneurolysis in preventing chronic postsurgical pain
  1. John J Finneran IV and
  2. Brian M Ilfeld
  1. Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
  1. Correspondence to Dr Brian M Ilfeld; bilfeld{at}health.ucsd.edu

Abstract

Background Poorly controlled pain during the acute postoperative period is associated with the development of persistent or ‘chronic’ pain lasting months or years after surgery. Relatively small trials suggest that local anesthetic-based peripheral nerve blocks lasting hours or a few days may decrease persistent postsurgical pain for some surgical procedures, but definitive data is lacking. Two possible alternatives—percutaneous cryoneurolysis and peripheral nerve stimulation—are analgesic modalities with the potential to provide weeks or months of pain relief following surgery. This increase in analgesic duration raises the possibility of decreased transition from acute to chronic postsurgical pain.

Objective This review aims to summarize the available evidence involving the use of percutaneous cryoneurolysis and peripheral nerve stimulation within the immediate perioperative period and its effects on decreasing chronic postoperative pain.

Findings Two randomized trials (n=66 and 16) comparing active percutaneous peripheral nerve stimulation to sham stimulation and two randomized trials (n=60 and 7) comparing percutaneous cryoneurolysis to a sham procedure for postoperative pain are described in this review. In each trial, participants were followed for at least three months.

Conclusion This review describes percutaneous cryoneurolysis and peripheral nerve stimulation for perioperative analgesia as well as the available evidence supporting their use to prevent persistent postsurgical pain.

  • Pain, Postoperative
  • Acute Pain
  • CHRONIC PAIN
  • Pain Management

https://doi.org/10.1136/rapm-2024-105605

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    Footnotes

    • Contributors JJF authored the original manuscript. BMI revised the original manuscript and is the guarantor.

    • Funding The authors have not declared a specific grant for this research from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.

    • Competing interests JJF and BMI have received funding and/or product from Epimed International (Dallas, Texas, USA), SPR Therapeutics (Cleveland, Ohio, USA), InfuTronix (Natick, Massachusetts, USA), Masimo (Irvine, California, USA), Varian Medical Systems (Palo Alto, California, USA) and Avanos Medical (Irvine, California, USA) for various laboratory and clinical research studies, some of which are included in the present review.

    • Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.